Yes, I replaced the config bits with a working set from my CDC firmware for the J chip.
USBDIV is not a config option on the 18f24J50 PICs. It is fixed /2.
I don't have a snooper for the USB lines, and there's nothing going on in Windows to snoop at the OS level.
The firmware runs as expected, the USB configuration setup is correct and the USB pullup resistors are enabled, the OS sees the pull-up and detects a USB device insertion, but from there nothing happens. During debug it hits the sleep instruction around line 253 of boot.asm a lot, but seems to wake up on interrupt every time. It's hard to tell with debug because it slows it down so much that it also causes unknown device errors.
Since the USB peripheral is nearly the same, except the banking required to reach the registers, I assume it's another architectural difference I'm not getting. I've confirmed that there's no special J part defines in the CDC firmware, so I'm strongly inclined to believe it's some ASM that's incorrect for the 18xxjxx chips.